When
Jews returned from the Babylonian exile, following the Edict of Cyrus (538 BC),
they rebuilt the Temple on a modest scale, dedicating it in 515 BC. This was
the Second Temple, following that built by Solomon, which the
Babylonians had destroyed. The modest structure remained in place – desecrated
by the Greeks, re-dedicated by the Maccabees – until Herod the Great won priestly agreement to
tear it down and build a grander version. His structure, then, was the third on
the site, but because the process occurred by agreement, scholars refer to his
new version too as the Second
Temple. The period of the Second Temple, then, extends from 515 BC until the destruction by
the Romans in 70 AD.